What Do All the Different ADHD Pills Do?

If you're an adult woman experiencing ADHD, you might have wondered exactly what do all the different ADHD pills do and how they can help you in daily life. Understanding ADHD medications can feel overwhelming at first, but it doesn't have to be. This guide will explain, clearly and compassionately, the differences between stimulant and nonstimulant ADHD medications, how effective they are, what side effects you might encounter, and how these medications might fit into your life.

Many women with undiagnosed ADHD describe life as exhausting and stressful, as though they're continually struggling to keep up. You might feel chronically overwhelmed, secretly blaming yourself for struggling with tasks others seem to manage easily. Discovering the right medication can transform these feelings into clarity and relief, finally giving you the validation and support you deserve.

ADHD treatment in Australia has grown rapidly over recent years. Nearly 470,000 Australians received ADHD medications in 2022 to 2023 alone, representing an almost 300% increase over the past decade [1]. By 2023 to 2024, adult medication rates continued to rise, and adult female rates were higher than adult male rates for ADHD prescribing [1]. Clearly, you're far from alone, and more women than ever are experiencing relief and improved quality of life through medication.

ADHD Medication in Adults: Why It Matters

Medication won't cure ADHD, but it can significantly change how you experience daily life by controlling the core symptoms: inattention, impulsivity, and restlessness. The right medication can be a genuine game changer, making everyday tasks feel manageable rather than daunting.

Stimulant medications are particularly effective, improving symptoms dramatically for around 80% of adults who use them [2].

Why does medication matter?

Medication matters because it directly impacts your safety and wellbeing. It is linked with a 17% lower risk of suicidal behaviours and a 15% lower risk of substance misuse among people with ADHD [3]. Beyond these critical health benefits, medication can significantly enhance your quality of life, improving relationships, boosting your confidence, and helping you achieve greater productivity and personal satisfaction.

Types of Stimulant ADHD Medications Used in Australia

Stimulants are typically the first line medication for treating adult ADHD. They increase brain chemicals called neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and norepinephrine, quickly and effectively reducing inattention and impulsivity. Approximately 87% of all ADHD medication prescriptions in Australia were psychostimulants in 2023 to 2024 [1].

Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)

Methylphenidate, sold under brand names like Ritalin and Concerta, is among the most widely used stimulant medications in Australia, within a class that accounted for 87% of ADHD prescriptions in 2023 to 2024 [1]. Many women who use methylphenidate report feeling clearer, more focused, and calmer within an hour of their first dose.

Here’s why methylphenidate could be a good choice for you:

• It works quickly, often within 1 hour.

• It's proven effective over decades of research.

• It offers flexibility: short acting forms, like Ritalin, effective for around 3 to 4 hours, and longer lasting options, Concerta, lasting around 12 hours.

Potential side effects might include reduced appetite or trouble sleeping, but these usually improve after a few weeks. If you're experiencing ongoing side effects, your doctor can often help adjust your dosage or medication timing to resolve these issues.

Amphetamine Based Medications (Dexamphetamine and Vyvanse)

Amphetamine medications, like short acting dexamphetamine and long acting lisdexamfetamine, known as Vyvanse, also provide significant symptom relief, helping around 80% of adults who use them [2]. Many women prefer Vyvanse for the convenience of a once daily dose that lasts throughout the entire day.

The benefits of amphetamine based medications include:

• Effective symptom management throughout the day.

• Convenience, especially Vyvanse’s once daily dosing.

Common side effects can include appetite suppression or sleep issues. It's important to note these medications are Schedule 8 substances in Australia, meaning they require careful prescription and monitoring due to potential misuse, though this risk is significantly reduced when used under medical supervision.

Types of Nonstimulant ADHD Medications

Nonstimulant medications are often recommended if stimulants aren’t suitable, perhaps due to side effects or other health conditions. Nonstimulants provide symptom relief more gradually, often taking several weeks to become fully effective, but they offer consistent, stable symptom control.

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

Atomoxetine, Strattera, is a popular nonstimulant medication for ADHD. Unlike stimulants, it builds up gradually in your system, providing steady symptom relief without abrupt changes. If you also experience anxiety, Strattera might be particularly beneficial, as it often helps manage anxiety alongside ADHD symptoms.

Atomoxetine can help you because it offers:

• Stable, around the clock symptom management.

• A good option if anxiety coexists with your ADHD.

Side effects might include nausea, dizziness, fatigue, or sexual side effects. These often lessen with continued use, and regular check ins with your doctor can help you manage these effectively.

Guanfacine (Intuniv XR)

Guanfacine, Intuniv XR, commonly used for younger individuals, can sometimes be prescribed off label for adults with significant hyperactivity or emotional dysregulation. Its calming effects can help you manage intense emotional responses, hyperactivity, and even insomnia related to ADHD.

Potential advantages of guanfacine include:

• Effective in reducing hyperactivity and emotional impulsivity.

• Useful in improving sleep problems related to stimulant medication.

Potential side effects are usually manageable and include drowsiness, fatigue, or lower blood pressure. Your doctor can help tailor the dose to minimise these concerns.

Benefits and Side Effects of ADHD Medication

ADHD medications offer powerful benefits, significantly reducing ADHD symptoms and improving daily functioning for approximately 80% of people [2]. However, like any medication, they can have side effects.

Common side effects include:

• Appetite suppression, which around 80% of stimulant users experience.

• Sleep disturbances, typically addressed by adjusting the timing of your dose.

• Mild cardiovascular changes, small increases in heart rate or blood pressure, monitored by your doctor.

• Temporary mood swings or anxiety, typically managed through dosage adjustments.

Most side effects improve significantly after your body adjusts in the first few weeks. If you experience persistent discomfort, discuss this openly with your doctor so they can make appropriate adjustments.

ADHD Medication Considerations for Women in Australia

Women now represent 52% of adults receiving ADHD medication in Australia [1], showing the increasing recognition and support available to you. Hormonal changes can sometimes affect your symptoms, so it's important to discuss this with your healthcare provider.

Topics you might want to bring up include:

• How hormonal fluctuations during your menstrual cycle or menopause could influence medication effectiveness.

• Concerns around appetite loss or weight management.

• Plans regarding pregnancy or breastfeeding, as stimulants are typically not recommended during pregnancy. Nonstimulant alternatives or behavioural therapies might be safer during these periods.

At Nurtured Thoughts Psychology, we specialise in supporting women with ADHD, offering comprehensive assessments and tailored treatment plans that acknowledge your unique experiences.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between stimulant and nonstimulant ADHD medications?

Stimulant medications rapidly improve ADHD symptoms by boosting dopamine and norepinephrine. Nonstimulants gradually regulate norepinephrine, providing smoother, continuous symptom management without rapid fluctuations.

Are ADHD medications effective for women?

Yes, absolutely. ADHD medications are equally effective for women and men, and currently, women make up 52% of adults treated with ADHD medications in Australia [1]. Hormonal fluctuations might require minor dosage adjustments, but overall effectiveness remains consistent.

What are common side effects of ADHD pills, and how can I manage them?

Side effects commonly include reduced appetite, about 80% of stimulant users, sleep disturbances, mild cardiovascular changes, and temporary mood swings. Your healthcare provider can typically manage these by adjusting dosages or timing.

Do I need to take ADHD medication forever?

Not necessarily. Many adults benefit from ongoing medication, greatly enhancing daily life. Regular consultations with your doctor can help you decide what's best for you regarding duration and dosage adjustments.

What other ADHD treatments can adults consider besides medication?

Other helpful strategies include cognitive behavioural therapy, CBT, ADHD coaching, regular exercise, mindfulness techniques, and healthy diet adjustments. For more information, see our blog on ADHD treatment and management options.

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If this resonates with you, know you're not alone. Seeking support and an ADHD assessment can offer clarity, validation, and emotional relief. At Nurtured Thoughts Psychology, we're here to help you every step of the way, with personalised care specifically for women living with ADHD.

Disclaimer: This article is general information only and is not a substitute for personalised medical advice. Please consult a qualified health professional.

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References

[1] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2025). ADHD medications dispensed over time. Canberra, ACT: AIHW. https://www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health/topic-areas/community-based-services/mental-health-prescriptions/adhd-medications-dispensed-overtime

[2] Cortese, S., Adamo, N., Del Giovane, C., Mohr-Jensen, C., Hayes, A., Carucci, S., Atkinson, L. Z., Tessari, L., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Hollis, C., Simonoff, E., Zuddas, A., Barbui, C., Purgato, M., Steinhausen, H. C., Shokraneh, F., Xia, J., & Cipriani, A. (2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults, a systematic review and network meta analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 5(9), 727 to 738. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(18)30269-4/fulltext 

[3] Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. (2025, August 14). Study finds broad life gains from ADHD drugs. NewsGP. https://www1.racgp.org.au/newsgp/clinical/study-finds-broad-life-gains-from-adhd-drugs

[4] Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. (2023). ADHD in general practice, Clinical guidelines for assessment and treatment. East Melbourne, VIC: RACGP. https://www.racgp.org.au/FSDEDEV/media/documents/Faculties/SI/RACGP-Adult-ADHD-in-general-practice.pdf